At least in regards in to nyc it basically entails looking like you’re confused and not from the area. (Looking like a tourist, checking for directions meticulously, endlessly looking at your phone without your back against the wall ect) thus making someone feel they can can take advantage of you in some way. With that said I haven’t really had any problems and simply looking like you know what you’re doing whether you do or not helps a lot. Imo most of nyc is safe and there’s not really much to be worried about if you’ve done a modicum of research. Being afraid of being in the global north is pretty hilarious overall honestly