PEP 484 introduced type hints, at this time documenting exceptions was left to docstrings. I seek to suggest a reason this feature might be desirable along with how it might be used. Error handling in python does an excellent job of keeping the error-path out of the way when writing the normal flow of logic, however for larger code bases it is not always clear what exceptions may be caused by calling existing code. Since these cases are easily missed they may reach a higher level than intended ...
This is a discussion on Python’s forums about adding something akin to a throws keyword in python.
I also like checked exceptions. I like having a compile time check that I thought through error scenarios.
Is it perfect? No, but it should be iterated upon, not discarded.
FYI, catching and rethrowing as an unchecked exception is a pretty bad anti-patern (and a foul code smell).