Frustrated by the lack of political and economic freedom, and enraged by the continuing repression on the island, Puerto Rico’s pro-independence movement staged an armed rebellion in 1868. Known as the Grito de Lares (the “Cry of Lares”), the rebellion broke out on September 23, 1868. It was planned by a group led by Dr. Ramón Emeterio Betances and Segundo Ruiz Belvis, who on January 6, 1868, founded the Comité Revolucionario de Puerto Rico (Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico) from their exile in the Dominican Republic. Betances authored several proclamas, or statements, attacking the exploitation of the Puerto Ricans by the Spanish colonial system and called for immediate insurrection. The proclamas soon circulated throughout the island as local dissident groups began organizing. Secret cells of the Revolutionary Committee were established involving members from all sectors of society, including landowners, merchants, professionals, peasants, and slaves.

Although plans originally called for the insurrection to begin on September 29, their discovery by Spanish authorities forced the rebels to move the date up. They agreed to strike first at the town of Lares on September 23. On that day, some four to six hundred rebels gathered in the hacienda of Manuel Rojas, located in the vicinity of Pezuela, on the outskirts of Lares. Poorly trained and armed, the rebels reached the town by horse and foot around midnight. They looted local stores and offices owned by peninsulares and took over the city hall, proclaiming the new Republic of Puerto Rico. Spanish merchants and local government authorities, considered by the rebels to be enemies of the fatherland, were taken prisoner. The following day, September 24, the republic was proclaimed under the presidency of Francisco Ramírez. All slaves who had joined the uprising were declared free citizens.

The rebel forces then departed from Lares to take over the next town, San Sebastián del Pepino. The Spanish militia, however, surprised the group with strong resistance and caused the rebels to retreat back to Lares under the leadership of Manuel Rojas. Upon an order from Governor Julián Pavía, the Spanish militia quickly rounded up the rebels and brought the insurrection to an end. Some 475 rebels were imprisoned, Manuel Rojas among them.

On November 17, a military court imposed the death penalty for treason and sedition on all prisoners. Nevertheless, in an effort to ameliorate the tense atmosphere on the island, the incoming governor, José Laureano Sanz, dictated a general amnesty early in 1869 and all prisoners were released.

The first formal account of the Grito de Lares was written by a Spanish resident of Puerto Rico, José Pérez Moris, with collaboration from Luis Cueto. It was published in 1872 as Historia de la Insurrección de Lares and appears in this online collection. Its main purpose was to present a strong case for the conservative cause on the island by showing that separatist forces were strong in Puerto Rico and thus a serious threat to the established order.

Spirit of “El Grito de Lares” Still Lives in Puerto Rico amerikkka

El Grito de Lares song

Megathreads and spaces to hang out:

reminders:

  • 💚 You nerds can join specific comms to see posts about all sorts of topics
  • 💙 Hexbear’s algorithm prioritizes comments over upbears
  • 💜 Sorting by new you nerd
  • 🌈 If you ever want to make your own megathread, you can reserve a spot here nerd
  • 🐶 Join the unofficial Hexbear-adjacent Mastodon instance toots.matapacos.dog

Links To Resources (Aid and Theory):

Aid:

Theory:

  • Nagarjuna [he/him]@hexbear.netEnglish
    22·
    1 year ago

    I’ve been driving a lot recently and it’s really hammered home that most people live in nowhere. Like, I grew up in a city where there were distinct neighborhoods, you could see guys playing bike polo near Alberta street, or go downtown and see the bookstores and the boutiques. You could go to the south of the city and see the anarchist permaculture projects and info shops and the massive parks.

    But like, most people live in massive grids of houses and strip malls that are all kind of the same. The places are like, McDonald’s, and it’s exactly the same as every other McDonald’s. There’s no info shops, no permaculture gardens…

    I drive through so much of it, and it makes me so uncomfortable and I just can’t imagine living in it. And to traverse it all you need to drive, so everyone’s in debt and killing the earth and like.

    I’m genuinely just really angry about it