Do we only hear sounds? Or can we also hear silence? These questions are the subject of a centuries-old philosophical debate between two camps: the perceptual view (we literally hear silence), and the cognitive view (we only judge or infer silence). Here, we take an empirical approach to resolve this theoretical controversy. We show that silences can “substitute” for sounds in event-based auditory illusions.
I don’t have access to the full paper (I probably wouldn’t understand it anyway), but the idea that we can “hear” silence is pretty mind-blowing to me.
I’m not sure I get it. I mean maybe it’s how we define the word silence?
I don’t think it’s possible to be in complete silence (as a human), because we have a moving body following us around. I’ve been in a soundproofed booth and you can hear your blood pumping in your ear canals. Any small movement or humming or whirring or gurgling becomes amplified by the absence around, but between these things there is nothing to hear.
If silence is defined as the absence of movement on the frequencies detected by our ears, then I don’t see how we would be supposed to “hear” nothing. Our brain can filter that absence (actually, it filters every second of every day in our lives), and it can substitute things too - so at a minimim we have unreliable machinery.
It’s an interesting concept, but one I have a hard time grasping how people could be in the perceptual view.
There’s an article about it in the New York Times which apparently goes into much more detail, but I don’t have a subscription- https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/10/science/silence-sound-hear.html
It is excerpted in this Slashdot post, however, and that may give you enough information to understand it better: https://science.slashdot.org/story/23/07/10/2343221/silence-is-a-sound-you-hear-study-suggests
To sum up, it’s not about total silence, it’s about perceiving gaps in louder sounds as “sound” rather than the lack of sound.
Having read the NYT article (with the PNAS paper still not available through a certain hub), I think a useful analytical framework would perhaps be to think of silence as a negative space. E.g., take some background noise (this could be the environmental noise averaged over some time scale) at certain overall intensity as “zero” (or reference level), then complete silence will have the same frequency content as that background but with negative intensity. From there one can start talking about various forms of “partial silence” as different spectral compositions of negative intensity. I’d even posit that some of the illusions they discovered would work in a similar fashion with positive intensity boost as well (e.g.two disjoint boosts vs one sustained boost). It is probably more about the frequency content than the intensity relative to the reference level.
It is not so surprising when you think of the way silence is used in music. Stop-times are awsome! Gotta love the way silence is used at the beginning of Madonna’s Don’t Tell Me (to stop).
I mean, anyone with tinnitus will tell you you can definitely hear silence. People without tinnitus just hear a more subtle version.
As someone with tinnitus, I was going to say that those of us with it definitely cannot hear silence. The sound I hear when it’s silent is definitely not the sound of silence because it is a sound I also hear when it is quiet but not silent. Some can hear it when it’s not even quiet.
I agree with ya. I can hear it whenever I intentionally seek it out, even when it’s relatively loud out there. I tend to think of it as some baseline intensity (at some extremely high frequency/frequensies I’ve tried but yet to pin down) my brain perceives, that gets washed out more as external stimuli become stronger. This is partly what prompted me to speak about a reference level of intensity distribution over frequency (and therefore a power spectrum if you will) in the other comment thread. Normal brains have a reference level that adapts to the environmental average. Those of us with tinnitus have some nasty spikes at high frequensies. “Hearing silence”, I speculate, is more of a response to a changing reference level – some of the responses will be the brain compensating for the change and thereby inducing acoustic (?) illusions reported in this work. A tinnitus brain will respond to a receding reference level by focusing again on those nasty frequency spikes.
anyone with tinnitus will tell you
☝️😭
a link to the accepted version of the paper (unprettified): https://perception.jhu.edu/files/PDFs/23_Silence/GohPhillipsFirestone_PerceivingSilence_PNAS.pdf
edit: the fishing equipment: scholar.google.com or semanticscholar.org
Obligatory song post: https://youtu.be/nkUOACGtGfA
(Yes, it’s Simon & Garfunkel’s “Sound of Silence”.)
